Skip to main content
Peer-reviewed Authoritative — Peer-reviewed venues, standards bodies, regulators, official government publications

AI Companions Reduce Loneliness

Five empirical studies examining whether AI companion apps reduce loneliness. Finds companion apps provide momentary relief comparable to interacting with a person and better than other activities, while users tend to underestimate these benefits.

Publisher

Journal of Consumer Research (Oxford University Press)

Published

1 Apr 2026

Added

3 months ago

Key Findings

  • AI companion use produced measurable momentary reductions in loneliness across studies
  • Relief was comparable to interacting with a person and greater than several control activities
  • Users systematically underestimated the loneliness-reducing benefit of companion apps

Methodology Notes

Peer-reviewed, Journal of Consumer Research (online-first 25 June 2025; version of record vol. 52(6), April 2026), DOI 10.1093/jcr/ucaf040. Five studies combining experiments and field data. Note: lead author directs a related research programme; read alongside the harm-focused companion literature.

Authors

Julian De Freitas, Zeliha Oğuz-Uğuralp, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, Stefano Puntoni

Tags

de-freitascompanionlonelinessbenefit-counterweight

Cite This

APA

Julian De Freitas et al. (2026). AI Companions Reduce Loneliness. Journal of Consumer Research (Oxford University Press). https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article-abstract/52/6/ucaf040/8169414

Related Insights

Peer-reviewed

Chatbots and mental health: Insights into the safety of generative AI

Journal of Consumer Psychology (Wiley) · 19 Dec 2023

Peer-reviewed

AI companions and subjective well-being: Moderation by social connectedness and loneliness

Technology in Society (Elsevier) · 1 Apr 2026

Peer-reviewed

Pathways of long-term AI virtual companion app use on users' attachment emotions: a case study of Chinese users

Frontiers in Psychology · 12 Jan 2026

Peer-reviewed Contested: methodology or claims under serious, documented dispute

Loneliness and suicide mitigation for students using GPT3-enabled chatbots

npj Mental Health Research (Nature Portfolio) · 22 Jan 2024

Preprint

AI emotional support is better only when chosen, but shifts preferences even when it is not

arXiv (preprint) · 24 Aug 2026

Peer-reviewed

Friends, Lovers, and Companions: A Systematic Scoping Review of Empirical Evidence on Human-AI Relationships

Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans (Elsevier) · 1 Aug 2026

Industry survey

The Rise of AI Companions: A national public opinion survey on the relationships people form with artificial intelligence systems

Elon University Imagining the Digital Future Center · 15 Jun 2026

Peer-reviewed

Judged by humans, comforted by machines: How psychological expectations shape experiences and perceptions of AI support

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) · 3 Sept 2026

Peer-reviewed

Mourning the loss of AI companions

Nature Human Behaviour (Springer Nature) · 3 Sept 2026

Peer-reviewed

How Does Turning to AI for Companionship Predict Loneliness and Vice Versa?

Psychological Science (Association for Psychological Science / Sage) · 23 Mar 2026