22 artifacts matching
Government report
National Commission into the Regulation of AI in Healthcare: Recommendations for a future regulatory framework
Final report of the UK National Commission into the Regulation of AI in Healthcare, established in September 2025 to advise government on a regulatory framework for software and AI-enabled health tec…
Peer-reviewed
Beyond Manipulation: How Users Perceive Harmful AI Chatbot Interactions
Mixed-methods study (N = 100) in which participants recalled a positive, an inappropriate or a manipulative chatbot interaction. Exploratory factor analysis of an adapted perceived-manipulation quest…
Government report
AI Chatbots as Companions: Overview, Uses, and Considerations for Congress
A Congressional Research Service report for the 119th Congress on AI chatbots used for companionship. It separates purpose-built companion chatbots from general-purpose chatbots used for companionshi…
Preprint
Toward Meaningful Transparency for AI Chatbots: Disclosing Persuasive Intent Reduces Persuasion
Preregistered experiment in which 1,500 UK adults each held a short conversation with a persuasive chatbot about one of 60 policy issues. The chatbot was identical across conditions and only the disc…
Government report
Supplementary Report: AI Chatbots: Companionship & Minors
Staff report of Virginia's legislative technology commission, supplementing its 2025 AI-chatbot study after two bills, HB 635 (Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Act) and SB 796 (Artificial Intelligenc…
Framework
Guidelines on the implementation of the transparency obligations for certain AI systems under Article 50 of the AI Act
Commission guidelines (C(2026) 5054 final, adopted 20 July 2026) interpreting the AI Act Article 50 transparency obligations that apply from 2 August 2026, including the duty to disclose to users tha…
Government report
Children's wellbeing online: social media quantitative and qualitative report
UK government-commissioned mixed-method study, delivered by a consortium led by Savanta with UK Youth, Volunteering Matters and the #iWill Movement, of how parents, children and young people, and tea…
Government report
Child Safety Online: Protecting and Empowering Minors in a Digital World — Report by the Co-Chairs of the Special Panel on Child Safety Online
Report by the co-chairs of the European Commission's Special Panel on Child Safety Online, delivered to the Commission President. The panel assessed evidence on how social media and adjacent digital…
Regulator study
PIPEDA Findings #2026-004: Commissioner-Initiated Complaint Concerning X Corp. and X.AI LLC
A commissioner-initiated federal investigation, conducted jointly with provincial privacy counterparts, into X Corp. and X.AI LLC's compliance with Canada's PIPEDA in connection with Grok's image-gen…
Government report
When AI becomes a friend: Child rights risks, harms, and regulatory responses to AI chatbots and companions
A UNICEF policy brief examining how AI chatbots and companions bear on children's rights, comparing regulatory responses across six jurisdictions (as of May 2026) and setting out priority safeguardin…
Benchmark / dataset
RealityTest: How People Probe AI Identity and Whether Models Disclose It
A multimodal, multilingual benchmark testing whether AI systems disclose their identity when users ask, built on data about how people actually raise the question rather than on machine-generated pro…
NGO report
Synthetic Empathy: Risks and Rights in Artificial Companionship
A consumer-organisation and law-clinic report examining the risks that AI companion chatbots pose to European consumers under current legal frameworks, based on desk research plus hands-on testing of…
Government report
The spread of AI companions and the challenges they generate
An EPRS briefing for the European Parliament surveying the rapid growth of LLM-powered companion platforms (such as Character.AI and Replika) and their social, psychological, commercial, and environm…
NGO report
The Conversation Nobody Planned For: AI, Emotional Support, and the Indian Context
An exploratory safety evaluation from an Indian policy think tank of how AI systems respond to emotional distress in Indian user contexts. It combines a systematic review of over 100 studies, legal p…
Preprint
The Governance of Intimacy: A Preliminary Policy Analysis of Romantic AI Platforms
A preliminary policy analysis comparing the privacy-policy and consent practices of six romantic/companion AI platforms across the GDPR, CCPA, and China's PIPL regimes, focused on the collection and…
NGO report
AI Chatbots (Policy Briefing)
Policy briefing from Samaritans, the UK suicide-prevention charity, on the use of AI chatbots for mental health support. Reports growing reliance on chatbots driven by NHS waiting times and access ba…
Government report
AI chatbots and online regulation – what you need to know
Ofcom's explainer sets out how AI chatbots fall within the UK Online Safety Act, published amid reports of chatbots imitating real and deceased people and encouraging self-harm and suicide. It clarif…
Regulator study
6(b) Orders to File Special Report Regarding Advertising, Safety, and Data Handling Practices by Companies Offering Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Companion Products or Services
The US Federal Trade Commission issued compulsory Section 6(b) orders to seven companies operating consumer-facing AI companion chatbots — Alphabet, Character Technologies, Instagram, Meta Platforms,…
Peer-reviewed
The fall and rise of Iruda: Reassembling AI through ethics-in-action
Peer-reviewed case study of South Korea's Iruda (Lee Luda) chatbot — its 2021 sexual-harassment, hate-speech, and data-consent controversy and its 2022 relaunch. Argues the harms arose from developer…
Framework
Guidelines on prohibited artificial intelligence practices established by Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act)
Non-binding European Commission guidance (reference C(2025) 5052 final) interpreting the AI Act's Article 5 prohibited-practices provisions, including manipulative/deceptive techniques and exploitati…