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PIPEDA Findings #2026-004: Commissioner-Initiated Complaint Concerning X Corp. and X.AI LLC
A commissioner-initiated federal investigation, conducted jointly with provincial privacy counterparts, into X Corp. and X.AI LLC's compliance with Canada's PIPEDA in connection with Grok's image-generation feature. The investigation found the companies enabled generation of large volumes of non-consensual sexualized deepfake images without adequate safeguards or valid consent, and details resulting remedial commitments.
Harm without limits: AI child sexual abuse material through the eyes of our analysts
IWF analysts' report on AI-generated child sexual abuse material assessed during 2025, centring frontline-analyst perspectives and offender-community observations. Documents a step-change in AI-generated CSAM volume and severity and the tooling (including fine-tuning) that enables realistic abuse imagery.
Global Threat Assessment 2025: Preventing Technology-Facilitated Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
Biennial multi-stakeholder threat assessment of online child sexual exploitation and abuse (2023-2025), synthesising prevalence and trend data and framing generative AI, AI chatbots, and deepfakes as scaling the threat. Pairs the assessment with a prevention framework.
Sexual Extortion & Young People: Navigating Threats in Digital Environments
Survey of 1,200 US young people aged 13-20 (fielded September-October 2024, following expert interviews) on lived experience of sextortion, including the role of deepfake and AI-generated imagery. Documents prevalence, disproportionate impact on LGBTQ+ youth, and self-harm outcomes.
Deepfake Nudes & Young People: Navigating a New Frontier in Technology-facilitated Nonconsensual Sexual Abuse and Exploitation
A research report from child-safety NGO Thorn, produced in partnership with Burson, examining young people's experiences with AI-generated deepfake nudes. Based on a survey of 1,200 US young people aged 13-20 (fielded September-October 2024) plus expert interviews, it finds that deepfake nudes are already a lived reality for youth: roughly 1 in 6 respondents knew someone affected and about 6% reported being direct targets. The report documents easy access to creation tools via app stores, social media, and search engines, and finds 84% of young people recognize the imagery as harmful to those depicted.
Designing and Evaluating a Chatbot for Survivors of Image-Based Sexual Abuse
A user study (n=25) comparing a purpose-built chatbot against conventional internet search as a support channel for survivors of image-based sexual abuse (IBSA). The study evaluates the chatbot on information organization and perceived emotional support relative to self-directed search.