Generative Artificial Intelligence and Maternal Health Outcomes in Pregnant and Postpartum Individuals: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Key Findings

• — 400 participants were randomized 1:1 between October 2023 and December 2024, with 12-month follow-up completed in December 2025
• — The chatbot was not associated with differences in anxiety (adjusted mean difference 0.10; 95% CI -0.77 to 0.96) or depression (adjusted mean difference -0.23; 95% CI -1.05 to 0.59), nor with emergency department visits, postpartum care, contraception use or sleep duration
• — Among participants pregnant at enrollment, the chatbot was associated with more self-reported pregnancy-related complications in the secondary 12-month end point analysis, but not in longitudinal analyses
• — Higher chatbot engagement was associated with longer sleep duration and higher anxiety scores in exploratory within-group analyses

Methodology Notes

Preregistered (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06053515). Participants were English-speaking, aged 14 or older, pregnant or parenting an infant younger than 6 months. All figures are from the PubMed abstract (PMID 42981095); the JAMA page blocks automated access and no PMC copy was available at the time of entry. The abstract does not describe the chatbot's identity or safeguards, and the authors state that secondary and exploratory findings should be interpreted cautiously.

Sources