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Research Preprint

Misgendering as Breakdown in Human-Machine Communication: How AI Companion Chatbot Users Experience and Repair Misgendering

Qualitative analysis of 326 posts mentioning misgendering shared in AI companion and role-play subreddits, examining how large-language-model companion chatbots misgender users during emotional-support and romantic or erotic role play, and the ongoing work users do to curate their gender presentation to prevent and repair it. The authors frame misgendering as a breakdown in human-machine communication and discuss mitigations and the implications of using chatbots for identity exploration.

Misgendering by companion and role-play chatbots occurred across emotional-support and romantic or erotic scenarios and was experienced as a relational breakdown rather than a neutral error

arXiv (Western University, Faculty of Information and Media Studies; Carnegie Mellon University, Human-Computer Interaction Institute) · 16 Sept 2026 · Read the entry

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491 artifacts from 391 publishers — 236 from peer-reviewed venues, standards bodies, and regulators. Every entry's primary source is fetched and verified before inclusion, graded for credibility, and preserved against link rot with an archived snapshot. Superseded versions point to their successors.

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Last updated 17 Sept 2026